Bio 104 5/30/96

Review of Cellular Respiration:

What happens when we eat food?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O => energy

686 calories of energy per mole of glucose energy stored as ATP

2 ways of making ATP

Glucose while being converted into two three carbon pyruvate gives off a net gain of 2 ATPs and 2 NADH

this is anaerobic if it "stops" here:
1. can be converted by rearranging a CO₂ to become ethanol (fermentation) BEER
2. pyruvate converted to lactic acid, because if it didn't, every time we exercised we'd be drunk
  - NADHs used during this stage

Mitochondrion

outer membrane and inner membrane
inner membrane has particles which face inwards towards the matrix of the innards, these particles are really ATP synthase
chloroplast, mitochondria, and bacteria all use the same method for ATP production: and the chloroplast and the mitochondria were derived from ancient bacteria

Pyruvate has CO₂ removed from it to form Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA combines to become citric acid and goes through the citric acid cycle to form ATP
Pyruvate gives off CO₂ and forms 2 NADH when it becomes Acetyl-CoA
- 2 ATP are formed from the substrate phosphorylation: 4 CO₂, 6NADH, and 2FADH are all formed during the Citric Acid Cycle
- NADH and FADH are electron carriers
Chemiosmosis needs O₂ and produces 34 ATP

Ecology: the study of the abundance and distribution of organisms- Their interaction with other organisms and with the physical environment.

Levels of Ecology:

population: group of organisms of the same species living in the same area.
Community: a group of population in the same area
ecosystem: interaction between the organisms in a community and the environment
- members of the same population interbreed
Biosphere: regions of the earth that contain living things

Niche: what an organism does-all the biotic and abiotic resources used by an organism

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